Current Affairs | National | International | SSC | UPSC 9th May 2025

   

National News 

1. India Embarks on Nationwide Rollout of Secure Chip-Enabled e-Passports 

•  India has launched e-passports nationwide, incorporating RFID chips and antennas for enhanced security and data protection. This move aligns India with technologically advanced nations and modernises travel documentation. 
• The trial phase began on April 1, 2024, under the Passport Seva Programme Version 2.0. The e-passports store encrypted personal details, including biometrics, making them more secure and tamper-resistant. They also feature a Machine-Readable Zone (MRZ) for faster border checks, improving travel efficiency. 
• E-passports are being issued in select cities such as Chennai, Jaipur, Hyderabad, and others. These locations serve as pilot centers before nationwide rollout. 

2. India will present its concerns at the IMF board meeting in Washington on May 9 

• The discussion will focus on the financial assistance provided to Pakistan. 
•  Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri confirmed India’s participation in the meeting. 
•  He stated that India’s representative at the IMF will share the country’s position. 
•  India has raised concerns about Pakistan's track record with IMF programs.
•  Most of the 24 IMF bailout packages given to Pakistan have not ended successfully. 
•  Parameswaran Iyer is currently India’s Executive Director t the IMF. 
•  He took over the role after the removal of K.V. Subramanian by the Indian government. 
•  Pakistan has received several IMF bailout packages over the last ten years. 
•  In September 2024, the IMF approved a $7 billion loan for Pakistan. 
•  Out of this amount, $1 billion has already been disbursed.
• In March 2025, the IMF also approved a $1.3 billion loan for climate-related projects in Pakistan. 
• IMF loans are conditional and require countries to implement structural economic reforms. 
•  Pakistan is currently experiencing a serious economic crisis. 
•  It depends heavily on IMF support through the Extended Fund Facility. 
•  The IMF board will conduct a review on May 9. 
• This review will decide whether Pakistan qualifies for the next tranche of IMF funding.

 3. Researchers call for wider access to genetic screening for diabetes patients in India

•  Scientists from the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF), Chennai, in collaboration with Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, United States, have discovered a previously unrecognised subtype of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), and have called for wider access to genetic screening and precision treatment for diabetes patients, particularly in India. 
•  The findings were presented to the media at a conference held at the MDRF here on Thursday. 13 subtypes recognised MODY is a rare, inherited form of diabetes caused by mutations in a single gene, typically appearing in adolescents and young adults. 
• While 13 MODY subtypes have been recognised to date, the newly identified variant challenges long standing assumptions about the condition, doctors said. The study was published in the journal — Diabetes — of the American Diabetes Association. Colin G. Nichols, lead researcher, Washington University School of Medicine, highlighted in the study that the LOF mutation impairs potassium channel function in pancreatic beta cells, disrupting insulin secretion. 
•  He said the study marked the first observed switch from congenital hyperinsulinism to diabetes in maturity-onset diabetes of the young context. 
•  Clinical implications Radha Venkatesan, executive scientific officer, head of molecular genomics at MDRF and co-lead author, emphasised the clinical implications of this discovery. 
•  “This variant does not respond to conventional treatments such as sulfonylureas, which are effective in other MODY forms. 
• Understanding the underlyi ng genetic mechanism is key to guiding appropriate therapy,” she said. V. Mohan, chairman of MDRF, reiterated the importance of incorporating genetic testing into standard diabetes diagnosis. 
•  “Many patients with MODY remain undiagnosed or misclassified as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. 
• This discovery strengthens the case for precision diagnosis and treatment,” he said. 
• The findings are based on clinical data and laboratory analysis of Indian patients. 

4. On 8 May, Nitin Gadkari said that India has become the third-largest automobile manufacturer 

• Now, India has emerged as the third-largest vehicle manufacturer in the world, according to Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari.
•  The announcement was made during the 4th International BBB Summit and Expo on Bioenergy Value Chain held in New Delhi.
•  He said that the demand for different types of automobiles is increasing, and at the same time, the consumption of fossil fuels will also increase due to the increase in automobile production.
•  A reduction in imports and a boost in exports was emphasized as a key strategy for strengthening the national economy. 
• The minister pointed out that agriculture is currently not economically sustainable and proposed that viable solutions must be developed to make it profitable. 
• He stressed that self-reliance cannot be achieved without making agriculture financially rewarding. 
• He stated that biofuel can enhance farmers' income, reduce pollution, and decrease reliance on fossil fuel imports. 
• He highlighted the urgent need to cut India's Rs 22 lakh crore fossil fuel import bill and reduce pollution caused by burning of crop waste and vehicular emissions. 
• Gadkari said that now the time has come to convert agricultural waste, crop residue, bamboo and biomass into green fuel and value-added products. 
• The two-day summit was attended by a wide range of stakeholders, including bureaucrats, scientists, academicians, technocrats, and industry leaders, who are focusing on promoting bioenergy technologies using biomass resources. 

International News 

5. India and Chile signed the Terms of Reference (ToR) for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) on May 8, 2025 

• The agreement signals the beginning of formal CEPA negotiations between the two countries.
•  It was signed by H.E. Mr. Juan Angulo, Chile’s Ambassador to India. 
• Shri Vimal Anand, Joint Secretary in India’s Department of Commerce, also signed the ToR. 
• He is serving as the Chief Negotiator for India in the CEPA discussions. 
• The CEPA aims to expand the existing Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA). 
• It will include additional sectors such as digital trade, MSME cooperation, investment promotion, and critical minerals. 
• The first round of negotiations will take place in New Delhi from May 26 to 30, 2025. 
• India and Chile maintain a strong and strategic partnership. 
• Their relationship has been strengthened by regular high-level visits.
•  In January 2005, the two countries signed a Framework Agreement on Economic Cooperation. 
• A Preferential Trade Agreement followed in March 2006. 
• This PTA was later expanded in September 2016 and became effective in May 2017. 
• In April 2019, both nations agreed to further enhance the PTA. 
• To broaden trade ties, both sides decided to begin CEPA talks. 
• This decision was based on recommendations from a Joint Study Group (JSG). 
• The JSG was established under the 2005 Framework Agreement. 
• Its final report was completed and signed on April 30, 2024. 
• This commitment was reaffirmed during the Chilean President’s visit to India from April 1 to 5, 2025. President Gabriel Boric Font visited at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
•  During the visit, both leaders emphasized the role of trade and commerce in bilateral relations. 
• They welcomed the signing of the ToR and the launch of CEPA negotiations.
• The CEPA is expected to be a balanced, ambitious, and mutually beneficial agreement. It aims to unlock trade and investment potential and support deeper economic ties. 6. Friedrich Merz elected 10th Chancellor of Germany 
• Freidrich Merz of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party has been elected as the 10th Chancellor of Germany. Freidrich Merz was elected as German Chancellor by the Bundestag (German Parliament). 
• For the first time after World War II, a German Chancellor has been elected in the second round of voting in the Bundestag. 
• Freidrich Merz succeeded Olaf Scholz, whose coalition government lost the 2025 Bundestag general election. 
• Friedrich Merz leads a three-party coalition government of the CDU, Christian Social Union (CSU), and Social Democrats (SPD). 

About Germany 

•  Capital- Berlin 
•  Currency – Euro 
• Chancellor- Friedrich Merz 
•  Official language- German 
• President- Frank-Walter Steinmeier 

7. Robert Francis Prevost was elected as the new pope on May 8, 2025 

• He became the first pope from the United States. Prevost chose the papal name Leo XIV. He is the 267th pope overall. 
• Prevost succeeds Pope Francis, who passed away on April 21, 2025, at the age of 88.
•  Pope Francis had led the Church for 12 years. He was known for his progressive and compassionate approach.
• However, he faced criticism from conservative factions within the Church. 
• The new pope now faces several significant challenges. He must address global conflicts and unify a divided Church. 
• He will also need to tackle the lasting effects of the sexual abuse scandal. 
• The conclave that elected Prevost started on the afternoon of May 7, 2025. It included 133 cardinals from around the world.
• The progress of the votes was communicated through smoke signals from the Sistine Chapel. 
• White smokes on the evening of May 8 confirmed the election of a new pope.
• It’s unclear how many ballots were cast. 
• In 2005, Pope Benedict XVI was elected in four ballots. Pope Francis was elected in five ballots in 2013. 

State News 

8. Kerala Launches ‘Jyothi’ Scheme to Enrol Migrant Children in Schools and Anganwadis 

• The Kerala government has introduced the ‘Jyothi’ scheme to ensure that children of migrant workers, aged 3 to 18, are enrolled in educational institutions. 
• Children aged 3 to 6 will be enrolled in anganwadis, while those aged 6 and above will be integrated into public schools.
•  Beyond education, the scheme offers health check-ups and welfare support for migrant children. Additionally, a new Aadhaar-linked migrant registry has been launched to facilitate better tracking and support for these children. 

About Kerala 

• Capital – Thiruvananthapuram 
• Chief Minister – Pinarayi Vijayan 
• Governor – Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar 

9. Maharashtra Launches ‘Adishakti Abhiyan’ for Women Empowerment 

• Maharashtra government has launched the ‘Adishakti Abhiyan’ to promote women’s empowerment and raise awareness about welfare schemes for women and children, announced on Ahilyabai Holkar’s 300th birth anniversary. 
• The campaign will tackle issues like malnutrition, maternal and infant mortality, domestic violence, and child marriage, while encouraging women’s participation in local governance through Panchayati Raj. 
• Committees will be formed from village to state level to oversee the implementation, and the government will introduce Adishakti Awards to recognize exceptional efforts by Gram Panchayats annually. 

About Maharashtra 

• Capital – Mumbai 
• Chief Minister – Devendra Fadnavis (3 rd time) 
• Deputy Chief Minister – Eknath Sindhe & Ajit Pawar 
• Governor – C P Radhakrishnan 

10. Delhi government approved Rs 3.21 crore cloud-seeding project to tackle pollution. 

• A total of five cloud-seeding trials have been sanctioned by the Delhi Government to tackle the persistent issue of air pollution in the capital. 
• An estimated cost of Rs 2.75 crore has been allocated for the trials, with each cloud setting costing Rs 55 lakh. 
• In addition, a setup cost of ₹66 lakh has been earmarked for logistics, chemical storage, and aircraft calibration, bringing the total project cost to ₹3.21 crore.
• The implementation will be carried out by IIT Kanpur, which has been assigned responsibilities such as aircraft deployment, chemical dispersal, and scientific modelling.
• The initial trial is expected to take place between May and June, covering around 100 sq. km., mainly in Delhi’s outer regions. 
• It was informed that five cloud-seeding exercises will be conducted during this phase under the approved plan. 
• Following the completion of the trials, a scientific assessment will be conducted to examine both the effectiveness and environmental impact of the intervention. 
• Cloud seeding is a scientific weather modification technique that involves dispersing agents such as silver iodide into moist clouds to induce rainfall. 

11.The SAFF Under-19 Championship 2025 began in Arunachal Pradesh 

• On May 9, the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) U-19 Football Championship 2025 began at Yupia in Papum Pare District, Arunachal Pradesh. 
• Six countries are participating in this tournament. 
• The opening match was played between India and Sri Lanka at the Golden Jubilee Stadium, Yupia. 
• Group A consists of Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Maldives, while India and Nepal join Sri Lanka in Group B. 
• The final of the championship is scheduled for May 18. 
• The 2025 SAFF U-19 Championship is the 7th edition of the regional football tournament for under-19 men's national teams of South Asia. 
• The championship is organized by the South Asian Football Federation. 
•  The last edition saw defending champions Bangladesh win their first title in 2024 by defeating Nepal 4–1 in the final. 
• The championship was first held in Nepal in August 2015. 
•  India is the most successful team with three titles.

 12. Congress appoints Sunny Joseph as Kerala PCC chief

• The All India Congress Committee (AICC) on Thursday appointed Sunny Joseph, MLA, as the new Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC) president, engineering a significant restructuring in the top echelons of the party’s State unit. 
• The AICC also attempted to strike a caste, religious, and demographic balance in choosing other top office-bearers. 
• It appointed Adoor Prakash, MP, who hails from the backwards class Ezhava community, a significant electoral bloc, as the United Democratic Front (UDF) convener. 
• The AICC’s line-up change trended towards the party’s younger demographic. 

13. India’s First Geothermal Production Well Drilled in Arunachal Pradesh 

• The Centre for Earth Sciences and Himalayan Studies (CESHS) has successfully drilled Northeast India’s first geothermal production well at Dirang in Arunachal Pradesh, marking a significant milestone in sustainable energy for the region. 
• Once operational, the geothermal energy will be used for eco-friendly technologies such as fruit and meat drying, space heating, and controlled-atmosphere storage systems, essential for improving agriculture and living conditions in the high-altitude terrain of Arunachal Pradesh. 
• The project is the result of a collaborative effort between CESHS, the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Icelandic geothermal firm Geotropy ehf, and the drilling team from Guwahati Boring Service (GBS), based on years of extensive geochemical surveys in western Arunachal Pradesh. 

About Arunachal Pradesh 

• Capital – Itanagar 
• Chief Minister – Pema Khandu 
• Governor – LG (Retd) Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik 

Business News 

14. DPIIT and Hafele India signed a partnership agreement on May 7, 2025, in New Delhi 

•  The collaboration aims to boost India’s manufacturing and innovation capabilities. 
• It focuses on supporting startups, MSMEs, and entrepreneurs. 
•  The goal is to build strong local supply chains. 
•  It also seeks to position India as a global manufacturing leader. 
• Häfele will lead efforts in product innovation, domestic sourcing, and entrepreneurship. 
• These efforts will include funding, mentoring, and access to global markets. 
• The company will provide infrastructure support to startups and MSMEs. 
• It will also help develop local suppliers and encourage technical collaborations. 
•  Additionally, Häfele will help these businesses access new markets. 
•  Häfele has already invested over USD 2.5 million in an Indian appliance startup. 
•  It has also issued purchase orders to Indian MSMEs in hardware and furniture fittings. 
• DPIIT will provide ecosystem support through Startup India. 
• This includes networking, program access, and co-branding opportunities. 
• Shri Sanjiv, Joint Secretary at DPIIT, said the partnership reflects a strong model of industrial collaboration. 
• Frank Schloeder, Managing Director – South Asia at Häfele, praised India’s innovation potential. 
• He highlighted the vision of “India for India” today and “India for the World” tomorrow. 
• The MoU was signed by Dr. Sumeet Jarangal from DPIIT and Mr. Frank Schloeder from Häfele India. 
• The agreement will be effective for two years from the date of signing. 
• It may be extended later through mutual agreement.

 Economy News 

15.Centre unveils draft ‘climate taxonomy’ document to aid clean energy investment

 

• To direct investment towards clean-energy projects and infrastructure better adapted to weather threats from climate change, the Finance Ministry has made public a draft document, “Framework of India’s climate finance taxonomy”. 
• Climate finance taxonomy, the report said, is a “tool to identify activities consistent with India’s climate action goals and transition pathway.” 
• The objective of this taxonomy is to encourage investment in climate-friendly technologies and activities, thus enabling India to be Net Zero by 2070 but simultaneously encouraging long term access to reliable and affordable energy. 
• The taxonomy should prevent “green-washing” and be consistent with the developmental goal of ‘Viksit Bharat’. The draft note follows an announcement by Nirmala Sitharaman in her Budget speech in February. 
• Developing countries demand billions of dollars from developed countries in the form of subsidised technology transfer and grants to finance renewable energy development as well as strengthen their defences against climate change. 
• At the 29th session of Conference of the Parties (COP) in Baku, Azerbaijan, developed countries committed to only $300 billion annually by 2035 as the “New Collective Quantified Goal” when the actual requirement was $1.35 trillion and a large part of the disagreement was due to a lack of consensus on the definition of “climate finance”. 
• The climate taxonomy document aims to classify a range of activities and sectors as “climate supportive” or “climate transition”. 
• The former include activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce emissions intensity (emissions per unit of GDP), adaptation solutions that reduce the risks of adverse impacts of climate change and research and development needed to meet these aims. 
• Climate supportive activities would include those that improve emissions intensity reduction in sectors where cutting absolute emissions are challenging with the available technology — this could mean in the so-called “hard to abate” iron, steel and cement sector. 

Important Day News 

16. World Red Cross Day: 8 May 

• World Red Cross Day is observed on May 8 each year. 
• This year, World Red Cross Day commemorated 197th birth anniversary of Jean Henry Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross. 
• The theme for World Red Cross Day 2025 is “Keeping Humanity Alive.” 
• This theme honors those who dedicate their time to alleviating suffering. 
• It also recognizes those who give their lives to protect human dignity.
• World Red Cross Day celebrates the principles of the Red Crescent Movement. 
• It also celebrates the work of the International Red Cross. 
• May 8 is the birthday of Henry Dunant, the founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). 
• Henry Dunant was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1901. 
• The first Red Cross Day was celebrated on May 8, 1948. 
• The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) was founded in 1919. 
• The Red Cross is headquartered in Washington, D.C., USA. 

Award News 

17.Bhuwan Ribhu Becomes First Indian Lawyer to Receive ‘Medal of Honour’ from World Jurist Association

 

• Bhuwan Ribhu, a renowned child rights lawyer and founder of Just Rights for Children (JRC), became the first Indian lawyer to receive the ‘Medal of Honour’ from the World Jurist Association (WJA) at the World Law Congress in the Dominican Republic. 
•  Ribhu is known for his impactful legal work, including over 60 PILs that led to landmark rulings, especially his 2011 anti-trafficking case and 2013 campaign on missing children, which transformed India’s legal approach to child protection. 
•  His PICKET strategy to end child marriage, featured in When Children Have Children, was endorsed by the Supreme Court in 2024, and is actively followed by Vasavya Mahila Mandali in Andhra Pradesh’s NTR district, which aims to become child marriage-free by 2030. 

Recent Award 

•  Companion of the Order of Fiji – Karnataka-based humanitarian Madhusudan Sai 
• Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award 2025 – Kumar Mangalam Birla, Shraddha Kapoor, Sunil Shetty, Sachin Pilgaonkar, Sonali Kulkarni, and violinist Dr N Rajams 
• Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma Award 2025 – Achyuta Samanta 
•  Breakthrough Prize 2025 for Contribution to ALICE Collaboration at CERN – Bose Institute’s High-Energy Physics Team 
• Knighthood for his services to Cricket – James Andersons 

Books and Author News

 18. CCRAS Revives Two Key Ayurvedic Manuscripts to Preserve India’s Traditional Medical Heritage 

• The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), under the Ministry of Ayush, has successfully revived two important Ayurvedic manuscripts—Dravyaratnākara Nighaṇṭu and Dravyanamākara Nighaṇṭu, crucial for the preservation and advancement of India’s traditional medical heritage. 
•  The manuscripts were unveiled during an event held by the RRAP Central Ayurveda Research Institute in Mumbai. 

About Dravyaratnākara Nighaṇṭu – 

• Authored by Mudgala Paṇḍita in 1480 AD, this previously unpublished lexicon offers in-depth knowledge of drug synonyms, therapeutic actions, and medicinal properties. It was widely referenced in Maharashtra until the 19th century. 
• The critical edition of the text, revived by Dr. Sadanand D. Kamat, provides valuable insights into Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna) and documents novel medicinal substances from plant, mineral, and animal origins. About Dravyanamākara Nighaṇṭu – 
• Attributed to Bhisma Vaidya, this work serves as an appendix to the Dhanvantari Nighaṇṭu and focuses on homonyms of drug and plant names, a key area of study in Ayurveda. 
• Kamat’s meticulous editing and commentary on the 182 verses enhance the text’s relevance for scholars of Rasashastra, Bhaishajya Kalpana, and Ayurvedic pharmacology, further preserving India’s rich Ayurvedic heritage. 

Infrastructure and Energy News 

19. The Coal Ministry signed an agreement to promote clean energy through gasification projects

 

• The Coal Gasification Plant Development and Production Agreement (CGPDPA) has been signed by the Coal Ministry with selected applicants under Category II of the Coal Gasification Financial Incentive Scheme. 
• The agreement was signed in the presence of senior officials, including Shri Sanoj Kumar Jha, Additional Secretary, and other technical directors. 
• The approved applicants under this category include Jindal Steel and Power Ltd., Greta Energy and Metal Pvt. Ltd., and New Era Cleantech Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 
• The initiative is part of the ₹8,500 crore Financial Incentive Scheme for Coal Gasification, launched in January 2024. 
• The scheme targets 100 million tonnes of coal gasification by 2030, leveraging India’s domestic coal for sustainable industrial development. 
• Both public and private sector companies have been encouraged to participate in this clean coal transition. 
• This initiative is a key component of India's clean coal transition strategy. 
• It is expected to reduce environmental impact, enhance energy security, and boost economic growth through technological innovation and infrastructure development. 

20. G Kishan Reddy Launches Dedicated Non-Ferrous Metal Recycling Portal 

•  Union Minister of Coal and Mines, G Kishan Reddy, has launched a dedicated Non-Ferrous Metal Recycling Website and Stakeholders’ Portal to promote a structured, transparent, and sustainable recycling ecosystem in India, in the presence of senior officials from the Ministry of Mines and JNARDDC. 
•  The portal, developed under the National Non-Ferrous Metal Scrap Recycling Framework, aims to improve data visibility, support evidence-based policymaking, and empower stakeholders in the recycling of aluminium, copper, lead, zinc, and critical elements. 
•  The platform includes a national registry for recyclers, dismantlers, and traders, along with tools for tracking raw material flows, technology adoption, and performance benchmarking. It also supports the development of standards, certification systems, and awareness campaigns. 

Miscellaneous News 

21. SECL Organises First ‘Sneh Milan Mela to Build Stronger Community Relations 

• South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL) organized its first-ever ‘Sneh Milan Mela’ in SAFF U-19 फुटबॉल चम्पि ै यनशिप 2025 कहाँशु हुई?, uniting over 600 SECL employees, families, and villagers through cultural programs and traditional cuisine to foster goodwill and trust with local communities. 
• SECL distributed 86 employment letters to youth affected by land acquisition for the Mahamaya Project, reinforcing its commitment to rehabilitation and inclusive growth. 
•  With 807 jobs provided in FY 2024–25 due to land acquisition, SECL is prioritising grassroots engagement and community cooperation, vital for expanding its major coal projects and ensuring long-term development. 

Appointment and Resignation News 

22. Rohit Sharma announced his retirement from Test Cricket 

• Rohit Sharma has officially retired from Test cricket, marking the end of his illustrious journey in the longest and most traditional format of the game. 
•  The 38-year-old cricketer was handed the Test captaincy of India in 2022 and was seen leading the team in the 2023 ICC World Test Championship final against Australia. 
• Since making his Test debut in 2013, Rohit played in 67 matches, during which 4301 runs were accumulated by him at an average of 40.6, including 12 centuries and 18 fifties. 
• His highest score in Test cricket—212 runs—was registered against South Africa in Ranchi in October 2019. 
•  Rohit's Test career includes notable moments such as India's historic Test series win in Australia (2020–21) and appearances in two ICC World Test Championship finals. 
• Earlier, Rohit had also retired from T20 Internationals after leading India to victory in the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup 2024. 
•  Despite retiring from Tests and T20Is, Rohit Sharma has confirmed that he will continue to captain India in ODIs. 
•  This year, Rohit Sharma was named the captain of the ICC Men's T20I Team of the Year 2024. 

Obituary News 

23. Argentina 1978 World Cup winner, Luis Galván, passes away at 77 

•  Luis Galván, a key figure in Argentina’s 1978 World Cup victory, has passed away at the age of 77. 
•  Galván is cherished as a club legend at Córdoba’s Talleres, where he made a remarkable 503 appearances over the span of his career. 
•  His international journey began in 1975 when he was first called up to the Argentine national team by coach César Luis Menotti. 
•  In 1978, Galván played a crucial role in Argentina’s first World Cup win, and later represented his country in the 1982 World Cup, again under Menotti’s guidance.